Scientists have revealed more secrets about how orchids mimic female bees to pollinate the male insects. bees, attracted by a pheromone-filled aroma, trying to mate with the flowers, but inadvertently carry pollen after their visit.
Now researchers in southern France, discovered how this kind of deception could help the emergence of new species of orchids."This strategy is only known pollination these flowers," said Dr. Nicolas Vereecken, scientist at the Free University of Brussels, Belgium, who led the study.
The work appeared in the journal BMC Evolu
tionary Biology. The aroma"It's very peculiar that the flowers to attract insects, mimic the mating signals of female insects instead of offering nectar, oil, or pollen," he continued Vereecken. The expert said
the key is in the aroma-producing flowers.lupercalis .
Although both species of bees deceive male insects by posing as a female, both emit scents that attract different varieties of bees.
"Because usually attract different types solitary bees since the position of each in the orchid-kind is different masses collects pollen on its head and another in the back", there is no possibility that there is a cross-pollination, "said Vereecken. Hybrid However, scientists were surprised to find a large population of a hybrid species of orchid that grew near, the result of crossing between arachnitiformis Ophrys Ophrys and lupercalis . Through video analysis, researchers found that bees were attracted to one type of flower for some reason had been t inlets to mate with others.
"We have seen the male of a species of bee, usually visit the Ophrys
arachnitiformis
attracted
The third hybrid orchid bee species.
"This shows how fast they can break the reproductive isolation during a single visit, "he added.
Scientists had thought that any orchid hybrid produced an attractive female aroma, midway between producing their parent plants.
This would mean that if the hybrid was not sterile, as was the For this, had created an entirely new species of orchid.
Before this discovery, researchers believed that new types of orchids arose as a result of gradual mutations, which eventually altered the aroma of the flowers until they attracted new pollinators, preventing cross-pollination with non-mutated form.
"In this case we see a drastic change in one generation. This study shows almost all the steps that lead to the creation of a new species," he said.
Way
also 'betrays' the aggressor "This is a device that is inserted into the vagina, which is very comfortable, and that sexual assault case caught the man's penis. This will feel a great pain, and it may also not removed unless you go to a hospital, where you can not deny that it has penetrated the woman, "Ehlers said in an interview with Radio Netherlands.
According to the author of this kind of trap, a member of the aggressor is encapsulated within the device, so there is no danger that, despite being able to prevent rape, the penis blood and be transferred any disease.Specifically, he complains, for example, that if man is trapped is likely to become more violent and may kill the woman. Against this Ehlers responds in his official website that "whenever a woman is a violation is in danger of being killed."
On the other hand, has suggested that some females could use the Rape-Axe with intent to retaliate against a former partner or to make clear to men that never try to surpass them. Ehlers recognizes that is a possibility, and offers some advice: "Do not put it where it belongs to you belongs to you and never have problems."
Finally, those who cross out the controversial contraption as a "device medieval, "Dr. argues that the rape itself is" a medieval act. "This device is not yet on sale in South Africa, and has been used beyond occasional experiments with volunteers.
Way will enhance breeding behavior of wild animals to survive when released • The suspense starts renal disease program.
Second Life program of the Iberian lynx, which runs until 2011, fixed the first reintroductions into the wild for this year, following successful pilot schemes in the regions of Guadalmellato (Córdoba) and Guarrizas (Jaén). The number of individuals born in the captive breeding centers since 2005-a total of 28 puppies bred successfully, and their genetic variability allow these reintroductions into the wild, according to some experts. Are you ready those lynx to survive in the wild? Opening a "new phase", according to a program of ex situ conservation (captive), where "becomes more important to produce optimal specimens for carrying out various reintroduction programs." If the lynx in the centers of the human animal has lost its essence, the success of which has invested billions of euros will be in question. To this end, the note continues, it should enhance behaviors of wild animals "to increase the chances of survival of individuals that are to be released." About this task
signed yesterday an agreement the Government and the Junta de Andalucía to Work Social Caja Madrid, which gives 100,000 euros to a project to promote wild behavior in the Iberian lynx. The Bobcats improve their skills in searching, locating and hunting prey, and is intended to avoid contact with the center staff (die). The contribution of the financial institution will build farrowing, increase the area tree and install remote control automatic gates, heaps of rabbits, supply systems live prey distance and visual barriers between the lynx and technicians in the Acebuche. The signing of the agreement was a sign of government support the breeding program after the release of the latest threat to the world's most endangered cat. CKD (CKD) has killed four copies this year and affects 40% of lynx in captivity. Are still investigating the cause of the spread of this disease, which aims to feed the cats. The Minister for the Environment, José Juan Díaz Trillo and Secretary of State for Rural Water, Josep Puxeu, endorsed their confidence in this project. In a conversation with reporters, confirmed that CKD Puxeu not alter the expectation that this year the first release to be tackled in the nature of individuals born in captivity and the coming into operation of the breeding center Zarza de Granadilla (Cáceres). In Almonte, was found yesterday the body of a female, the fourth copy so far this year, without that transcended the cause. Way